SSD
vs. HDD: Which Do You Need?
Are you running out of storage space? Has your hard disk slowed
to a crawl? Or are you simply looking for optimal computer performance? It may
be time for a hardware upgrade. But should you get a cheaper hard disk drive or
a faster SSD? We’ll explain the differences between HDDs and SSDs in terms of
speed, capacity, cost, and lifespan. And get specialized optimization software
to keep your computer clean and fast.
What's the difference between an HDD and an
SSD?
HDDs are traditional storage devices with spinning platters that
read and write data. SSDs use newer technology to store data on
instantly-accessible memory chips. SSDs are faster, quieter, smaller, more
durable, and consume less energy, while HDDs are cheaper and offer more storage
capacity and easier data recovery if damaged.
SSDs and HDDs are both storage devices, but the way they work is
quite different. The main difference between a solid state drive (SSD) and a
hard disk drive (HDD) is how data is stored and accessed. HDDs use mechanical
spinning disks and a moving read/write head to access data, while SSDs use
memory chips.
If price isn’t an issue, SSDs are a better option — especially
since modern SSDs are just about as reliable as HDDs. In the image below, the
laptop on the left has a traditional hard disk drive, while the one on the
right has a solid state drive.
What is a solid state drive (SSD)?
Solid state drives (SSDs) are newer types of disks that store information on flash
memory, which consists of individual memory cells storing bits that are
instantly accessible by the controller. SSD speeds vastly outpace those of
HDDs, and the rapid data transfer will improve your computer’s performance
drastically.
How do SSDs make your computer faster? SSDs improve the speed at which large
amounts of data are loaded at once. The following processes work faster with an
SSD:
·
Booting up your operating
system
·
Starting a program
·
Loading a new video game level
·
Opening a huge file in a
resource-intensive program
·
Importing and exporting video
files
·
Previewing video files in
editing software
When we talk about performance, we mean the transfer of large
bunches of data all at once. An SSD won’t necessarily help Chrome run more
smoothly when 100 tabs are open and your overall RAM is low, and video editing
software will struggle if your processor is many years old.
What is a hard disk drive (HDD)?
An HDD enclosure contains a series of platters covered by a
ferromagnetic coating. The direction of the magnetization represents the
individual bits. Data is written and read by a fast-moving head, similar
to the way vinyl record albums
work. The disk spins at 7200 RPMs
so data can be read very quickly.
Since all of these pieces are mechanical, the hard disk is the
slowest and most fragile component of any computer. But HDDs can be extremely
cost efficient for long-term offline storage, as most of the benefits of an SSD
over HDD are only related to day-to-day usage — for example, the rate at which
they can load large files and programs.
If you’re wondering whether you have an SSD or HDD, here’s how to
find out: Type defrag in the Windows start search bar, and
click Defragment and Optimize Drives. You’ll see a list of
drives connected to your computer and their type.
Checking your other PC specs is easy, too: type About in the taskbar and
click About My PC.
Pros and cons of SSDs and HDDs
Whether to include an SSD vs. hard drive in your new desktop or
laptop mainly comes down to your budget. SSDs are generally more expensive, but
they can help you access large files over and over again. The main benefit of
HDDs is that they’re cheaper, but they work best for moderate computer users.
Here’s a handy comparison of the advantages of an HDD vs. SSD:
For detailed comparisons between SSDs and HDD, jump straight to
the following sections lower down in this article:
·
Speed
·
Lifespan
·
Reliability
·
Security
·
Capacity
·
Cost
·
Gaming
SSD and HDD form factors
SSD storage comes in several shapes and sizes. Initially, SSDs
were made to mimic the size and shape of the most common HDDs to make upgrading
as easy as possible. Now, many SSDs are very small devices, because they don’t
have moving parts.
You can find SSDs in much smaller form factors, like the M2 SSD.
While more expensive, these SSDs save a ton of space and install directly into
the motherboard without the need for a cable. M2s can use either SATA or NVMe
to communicate with the motherboard; however, you’ll need to check if your
motherboard is compatible with the M2 drive you want.
Why are SSDs useful for laptops?
SSDs are often used in laptops because they're non-mechanical.
Solid state drives require less power, which translates into better battery
life. While lower-priced laptops can still come with traditional, cheaper hard
drives, most mid-range to high-end machines now come with an SSD.
While hard disks have moving parts, solid state drives are
shock-resistant. If you drop your laptop while the read/write head of a
hard drive is in motion — which it usually is — it could result in data
failure. This doesn’t happen with SSDs.
But it isn’t always an either/or choice. “Hybrid” computers have
both drive types — the operating system (OS), apps, and the most-used files are
installed on an SSD, while other data sits on an HDD, which is typically larger
and less expensive. Using your SSD to run your OS and apps in a hybrid setup is
a great way to increase SSD performance .
How much faster are solid state drives
compared to hard disk drives?
Solid-state drives are much faster than hard disk drives, and the
speed difference between the two types is significant. When moving big files,
HDDs can copy 30 to 150 MB per second (MB/s), while standard SATA SSDs perform
the same action at speeds of 500 MB/s. Newer NVMe SSDs can get up to astounding
speeds: 3,000 to 3,500 MB/s.
With an SSD, you can copy a 20 GB movie in less than 10 seconds,
while a hard disk would take at least two minutes. Upgrading your Mac to an SSD or installing an SSD in your PC will
give it a significant speed boost.
To demonstrate the speed difference between an HDD vs. SSD,
compare the benchmarks below (we used CrystalDiskMark). The numbers on the left are from an older HP 630 laptop. On the
right, we used a newer MacBook Pro running Windows 10 with an NVMe SSD.
Speed differences between an older HP laptop with an HDD (left)
and a newer MacBook Pro with an SSD (right).
That should tell you how much faster an SSD is than an HDD. When
it comes to loading large amounts of data — like a video file you’re editing —
an SSD is the fastest option. That speed can improve your computing experience
significantly, making it one of the biggest advantages of SSD over HDD.
SSD speed
On our Mac with an SSD, sequential reads were nearly 56 times
faster and small 4K read operations were about 226 times faster. Windows took
just 10 seconds to boot, and there was no visible delay when launching Chrome —
it was just there. Upgrade to an SSD if you want to speed up your Mac or make your PC faster.
HDD speed
In our tests, the HP computer with an HDD was painfully slow.
Booting Windows took a full four minutes, and Chrome launched in 15 seconds —
longer than it took our SSD computer to start up. Daily tasks take noticeably
longer on an HDD, and the effect on productivity can be massive.
Whether you’re using an SSD or HDD, you’ll want to make sure it
stays clean, so that your machine can operate at its best. Avast Cleanup will tune up your drive, update your
apps, and fix other annoying problems, freeing up your computer to run as fast
as it should.
What’s the lifespan of an SSD?
These days, the lifetime of an SSD is nearly the same as that of
an HDD: around five years on average. A bad device may fail after three years,
but a good one can last you ten or more. SSDs used to have shorter lifespans,
but SSD technology has improved substantially.
While it’s true that SSD cells can’t be written to as many times
as the disk in an HDD, this isn’t really an issue in practice. In theory, if
more data is written to a cell, it wears out faster. But thanks to wear leveling, the SSD spreads write operations evenly
across all cells to minimize cell death and prolong the lifespan of the drive.
Additionally, modern SSDs contain spare cells that replace dead
cells. This is called bad
block management, and it’s why the larger the
SSD, the longer its lifespan. If you were to write data to an SSD 24/7, it
would still take decades for the drive to break down. SSD vs. HDD lifespan is
now about equal. But if you’re worried, you can always run a hard drive test to monitor your drive’s health.
Reliability
Since SSDs don’t contain moving parts, they’re less prone to
damage if you drop or bang your computer. This also makes SSDs more reliable in
extreme environments and in high or low temperatures. You can typically expect
a modern SSD to last at least as long as an HDD.
SDDs fare better than HDDs in laptops because they’re portable;
the rough handling of a laptop can more easily damage the intricate moving
parts of an HDD.
You can safely run Windows CHKDSK on
an SSD so that it avoids the parts that have decayed and died, but never try to
defrag an SSD. Defragmenting the drive writes and rewrites data, which can age
your SSD faster. If you’re still working with an HDD, it’s good to know how to defrag on Mac or PC.
Security and data recovery
If your drive fails, you can usually recover the data on it. This
is true with both HDDs and SSDs, though with a few key differences. Since SSDs
are newer, many data recovery services charge more to work with them. But since
they’re faster, you might be able to recover your data faster than with an HDD.
SSDs use the TRIM command to destroy data when
files are deleted. This is part of how SSDs equalize wear across all cells, but
it also makes it harder to recover deleted files. You should keep this in mind
when considering SSD or HDD for storage. Data recovery for SSDs is best handled
by professionals in a lab with specialized equipment and software.
Whichever type of drive you use, the best way to protect your data
is with regular backups to external storage devices or cloud storage. Look
up how to clone your hard drive so you have everything handy in case of
an emergency. You won’t need to worry about SSD data recovery when you already
have a fresh copy.
What about capacity differences between HDDs
and SSDs?
If you’re concerned about how much information you can store on
each type of drive, don’t worry. There are no differences in storage capacity.
You can get HDDs and SSDs from as small as 128 GB up to 20 TB or more. However,
one of the biggest differences between HDDs and SSDs is the price per gigabyte,
so the SSD will be much more expensive.
When deciding on a hard drive vs. SSD, price is a major factor.
Larger SSDs can really get up there in price, as we’ll see in the following
section.
In the meantime, if you need to radically free up disk space, you can easily format any hard drive, internal or external — no matter if it’s an HDD or SSD. And
if you need to completely wipe your hard drive, there are ways to do that, too.
The longer you use the same drive, the more cluttered it’s going
to become. Not only do you keep adding more games, videos, and photos, but your
computer is also full of programs generating temporary files. Learn how to delete temporary files in Windows to keep this clutter at bay, then check
out how to clean up your Mac and get rid of that pesky “Other storage” on Mac too.
Price differences between HDDs and SSDs
The market for flash storage is volatile and varies based on
supply and demand. While SSDs are much cheaper than they used to be, there is
still a significant price difference. A 1 TB internal HDD costs roughly $60,
whereas a 1 TB internal SSD averages around $120.
A good source for direct price comparison of popular disk sizes
can be found at PCPartPicker.
The average price of a 1 TB SSD. Source: PCpartpicker.com.
The average price of a 1 TB HDD. Source:
PCpartpicker.com.
Is an HDD or an SSD better for gaming?
Generally, you’ll experience much smoother gaming with an SSD. Given the huge amounts of data shuffling back
and forth while gaming, an SSD helps games load and run faster. You’ll also
experience less stutter when gaming, as the rest of your PC doesn’t need to
wait for game data to load — which offers quite an advantage, especially in the
eSports arena.
Here’s a simple example: Loading the world of GTA V takes about 25
seconds on a Samsung 970 Evo Plus with an SSD, compared to more than two
minutes when using an old mechanical hard disk. It’s a game-changer, and it’s
why you should always use an SSD if you’re building your own gaming PC.
Is an SSD better than an HDD? For gamers, definitely yes. With
the Playstation 5 and Xbox Series X boasting SSD storage, game developers are
starting to treat SSDs as the standard — meaning they’ll be ready to load up
50GB of game data in seconds.
Noise
You’re probably familiar with the sound of an HDD spinning up as
it gets to work — 7200 RPMs to be exact — or perhaps the clicking sound that
indicates an impending hard drive failure. SSDs, by contrast, don’t have moving
parts and are completely silent.
The only sound you might hear is the whir of your computer’s fans
while performing intensive tasks — high CPU temps can
lead to performance issues, and your computer’s fans will spin up if you have
many tasks running simultaneously and things start to heat up.
Power
With no mechanical components, SSDs draw less power than their
spinning counterparts. That means better battery life, and it’s one reason why
most newer laptops come with SSDs. Hard disk drives require more power because
they’re constantly in motion.
NAS (network-attached storage) drives can work well whether
they’re HDD or SSD, but the low power consumption of the SSD is a major plus
for whoever’s footing the energy bill for that drive. If many different people
are accessing the same drive, it can really add up!
Which drive is best?
If you’re still not sure whether an SSD or HDD is right for you,
let’s review how SSDs and HDDs stack up against each other. SSDs are faster,
more durable, more compact, quieter, and consume less energy. HDDs are more
affordable and may offer easier data recovery if damaged.
As long as price isn’t the determining factor, SSDs come
out on top — especially since modern SSDs are basically as reliable as
HDDs. Today, HDDs are preferable only if you’re storing large amounts of data
without needing to access it very often. Otherwise, an SSD offers better
performance and a faster computing experience.
SSDs vs. HDDs at a glance:
|
|
SSD
|
HDD
|
|
Average
cost
|
$120 per 1 TB
|
$60 per 1 TB
|
|
Average
lifespan
|
5 years
|
5 years
|
|
Read
time*
|
3238.4 MB/s
|
57.01 MB/s
|
|
Write
time*
|
2248.9 MB/s
|
30.87 MB/s
|
|
Time
to boot Windows*
|
10 seconds
|
4 minutes
|
|
Time
to open Chrome*
|
Instant
|
15 seconds
|
|
Loading
time for GTA V*
|
25 seconds
|
More than 2 minutes
|
* Based on our internal tests
While these numbers come from different machines, they highlight
the most important general differences between an SSD and an HDD.
Who are HDDs best for?
These people will do just fine with an HDD:
·
Those looking to back up and
store large amounts of data that they don’t need to access frequently
·
People with modest computing
needs
·
Those buying or building a PC
on a budget
When it comes to an SSD or HDD for storage only, there’s less of
an incentive to go for an SSD. Technology has improved the durability and
reliability of the HDD, meaning you can expect it to keep your data safe for a
really long time. As an external backup option, HDDs are fine.
What does an HDD mean for employees in 2023? Those who stick to
Microsoft Office and similar programs won’t be too affected, but anyone that
works with very large files and on intensive tasks and programs will struggle
with an HDD.
The bottom line: Go for the SSD if you’ve got the money,
and settle for the HDD if you’re budgeting and don’t need the specific benefits
of an SSD. If you go with the HDD, use an HDD cleaner to free up
space and keep your clutter as low as possible.
Who are SSDs best for?
These people will benefit the most from an SSD:
·
Those who use
resource-intensive programs like multimedia editing suites
·
Gamers who want to play
anything new
·
Anyone who opens and copies
files from their drive often
The question of whether to go for a solid state drive vs. HDD is
all about frequency of use. Flash memory moves data extremely quickly, and SSD
technology is optimized to handle many such transfers.
An SSD is for those who are moving data. We’re talking huge,
uncompressed video files or 3D-modeling modules used in engineering and
medicine. We’re also talking about copying and pasting lots of data from one
drive to another, as well as loading rich video game environments.
On the whole and if you can afford it, an SSD is far more
preferable than an old school HDD.
Keep your drive in top shape
SSDs and HDDs can both fill up with useless files and other junk
from repeated use, resulting in less storage capacity and slower drive
performance. Avast Cleanup automatically detects files and programs
you don’t need — unused apps, temporary files, bloatware, and other useless
data — and helps you clear it out with a single click.
Regardless of whether you have an SSD or an HDD, you’ll enjoy
greater storage space and smoother performance with Avast Cleanup.
FAQs
Is a 256 GB SSD better than a 1 TB hard drive?
A 256 GB SSD and a 1TB HDD each have advantages and disadvantages.
An SSD offers faster read/write speeds, consumes less power, generates less
heat, and is more shock-resistant. On the other hand, a 1TB HDD provides a much
larger storage capacity at a lower cost. So, the choice depends on your
specific needs.
Which lasts longer, an SSD or HDD?
SSDs are expected to last longer than HDDs, as they have no moving
parts that can wear out over time. However, the lifespan of an SSD depends on
the number of write cycles it undergoes, which is determined by usage patterns
and workload. Some SSDs may have warranties that guarantee a certain number of
write cycles (between 3,000 and 100,000 depending on the technology used) or a
certain number of years (up to 10 years).
What are the disadvantages of an SSD vs. HDD?
The disadvantages of SSDs compared to HDDs include higher cost per
gigabyte, generally more limited storage capacity, and potential data
loss if the drive fails. SSDs also have limited write cycles, meaning
frequent, heavy use can degrade their performance over time. However, these
disadvantages are balanced by faster performance, lower power consumption, and
increased durability.
Is it worth it to get an SSD instead of an
HDD?
Whether it's worth getting an SSD instead of an HDD depends on your specific needs and budget.
SSDs are generally faster and more reliable than HDDs, but are also more
expensive. If you need fast boot and load times, improved overall system
performance, and can afford the higher cost per gigabyte, then an SSD is worth
it. If you need a larger storage capacity at a lower price, an HDD may be the
better option.
Thanks for reading...
Masud Rana
